Background and Purpose: Empathy is essential in nursing practice and significantly impacts patient care and outcomes. However, nursing students often struggle to develop empathic skills due to various factors. This review aims to identify and analyze the key factors influencing empathy in nursing students and provide insights for educators and policymakers to improve empathy in nursing education.
Materials and Methods: This narrative review follows PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines and uses keywords like empathy, nursing students, and nursing education. The search was conducted in several databases, including PubMed and Scopus, focusing on full articles in Persian and English on the topic of empathy in nursing students. Search in Google Scholar was also conducted in Persian and English to ensure broad coverage of relevant literature.
Results: After removing duplicates, 17 articles met the inclusion criteria, seven of which were published in English. The main factors influencing nursing students' empathy were demographic, psychological, spiritual, educational, and interventional factors. In particular, it was found that clinical exposure has a dual effect on empathic abilities. Although it can improve these abilities, it can also lead to emotional exhaustion and negatively influence students' empathic responses.
Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of demographic, psychological, spiritual, educational, and interventional factors, as well as the dual effects of clinical exposure on empathic abilities. Educators can promote compassionate care by integrating these findings into care programs while maintaining emotional well-being, ultimately improving patient treatment outcomes.
Type of Study:
review |
Subject:
Psychiatric Nursing Received: 2025/01/3 | Accepted: 2024/04/1 | Published: 2024/04/1